Acute inflammation and infection of diverticulum caused by trapped fecal material and bacteria. If multiple diverticula are affected, it is diverticulosis. It may be caused by a low fiber diet, chronic constipation (both increase pressure on the colon), and obesity (alterations in the intestinal microbiome).
Assessment Findings
- Dull, steady, and cramp-like LLQ abdominal pain. Pain worsens with movement, coughing, or straining (increase in abdominal pressure).
- Low-grade fever
- Chronic constipation with episodes of diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal distention and tenderness
- Occult bleeding, rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits.
- Signs and symptoms of peritonitis secondary to perforation and abscess.
Diagnostic Examination
- Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy (visualization of the diverticula)
- Increased WBC
- Barium enema is contraindicated due to the risk of performative, leakage, and resultant cardiac arrest
Nursing Intervention
- Liberal fluid intake of 2,500 to 3,000 ml/day.
- Avoid nuts and seeds as these can be trapped in the diverticula.
- Bulk-forming laxatives to restore bowel pattern.
- Administer IVF and Medications as ordered.
- During episodes of acute symptom manifestations,
- Employ bed rest and NPO followed by a clear liquid diet to let the GIT rest.
- Avoid high-fiber food as these may irritate the mucosa.
- Gradually increase fiber intake as infection and inflammation subsides.